Codes and Conventions of Music Videos- Pete Fraser

Key Quotes from the article

Camera
-Camera movement, angle and shot distance all need to be analysed, and may be accompanied by performers to create a more dynamic feel to stage performance.
-The close up shots predominate as in most TV, partly because of the size of the screen and partly to create a sense of intimacy.
- Lighting is used mostly on the stars face
Editing 
-Most common form of editing - fast cut montage
-many female artists use a slower pace and gentler transitions to create mood
Voyeurism
FREUD
-looking in order to gain sexual pleasure
-Female performer will frequently be objectified ( Goodwin )
-Indeed the proliferation of such motifs has reached a point where it has become almost an obsession in music promos
Intertextuality
- Not all audiences will necessarily spot the reference and this need not massively detract from their pleasure in the text itself, but it is often argued that greater pleasure will be derived by those who know the reference and are somehow flattered by this.
- John Stewart sees visual reference i music videos coming from a range of sources, though the three most frequent are perhaps cinema, fashion and photography. For Example the use of supermodels in 'Father Figure' by George Michael.
- It is thought that in the future video games will have a bigger influence.
- His description of the music video- incorporating, raising and reconstructing is essentially the essence of intertextuality, using something with which the audience may be familiar to generate both potentially nostalgic associations with new meanings. 
Narrative and Performance
- Narrative in songs is rarely complete, more often fragmentary as in poetry. The same is true of music promos, which often suggest story lines or offer complex fragments of them in a non-linear order.
-Often music videos will cut between a narrative and a performance of the song by the band. Additionally a carefully choreographed dance might be part of the artists performance or an extra aspect of the video designed to aid visualisation and the 'repeatability factor'.